Vedanta has been interpreted as the "last chapters, parts of the Veda" and alternatively as "object, the highest purpose of the Veda". The Upanishads are commonly referred to as Vedānta. Of all Vedic literature, the Upanishads alone are widely known, and their diverse ideas, interpreted in various ways, informed the later traditions of Hinduism. While among the most important literature in the history of Indian religions and culture, the Upanishads document a wide variety of "rites, incarnations, and esoteric knowledge" departing from Vedic ritualism and interpreted in various ways in the later commentarial traditions. They are the most recent part of the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, and deal with meditation, philosophy, consciousness and ontological knowledge earlier parts of the Vedas deal with mantras, benedictions, rituals, ceremonies, and sacrifices. The Upanishads ( / ʊ ˈ p ə n ɪ ˌ ʃ ə d z/ Sanskrit: उपनिषद् Upaniṣad pronounced ) are late Vedic Sanskrit texts of Hindu philosophy which supplied the basis of later Hindu philosophy.
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